ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform web development framework that supports developing applications on Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, and Android platforms. Hosting an ASP.NET Core application in Linux is complicated when compared to hosting one in Windows. In this article, I will explain how to easily host multiple ASP.NET Core apps in Ubuntu Linux server with Apache as a reverse proxy server.
Let’s get started!
Connect to the Linux server
For this blog post, let’s assume you are using a Windows machine to develop the ASP.NET Core application. We are going to connect the Windows machine to a Linux server using the PuTTY. Provide the server IP address and the root password in the PuTTY Configuration dialog to connect to the Linux machine.
Install the necessary dependencies and .NET Core Framework
Next, download and install the .NET Core Framework to host the ASP.NET Core application in the Linux Ubuntu server. Before installing the .NET Framework, we need to install its dependencies.
1. Copy and paste the following command in PuTTY to install the dependencies:
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/19.10/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
sudo dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
2. Now, install the ASP.NET Core runtime network that is used to run the publishing app. Read the supported distributions in Linux documentation before installing it. Here, I have installed the ASP.NET Core 3.1 version.
Refer to the following commands.
sudo apt-get update; \
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https && \
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install -y aspnetcore-runtime-3.1Install the Apache server
Apache server will act as a reverse proxy and pass the request to the Kestrel Server from the internet.
1. Let’s install the Apache server in the Linux machine using the following command:
sudo apt install apache22. After installing the Apache Server, install the following required modules:
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo a2enmod proxy
sudo a2enmod proxy_http
sudo a2enmod headers
sudo a2enmod ssl3. Now, restart the Apache server using the following command:
sudo service apache2 restartMove the application files to the Linux server
Follow these steps to move your ASP.NET Core application files to the Linux server.
1. Publish the ASP.NET Core application you want to host to a local folder.
2. Then, connect to the Linux Server using FileZilla to move the published files. Open the folder /var/www in the Linux server.
3. Create a new folder named sample and then move the published files to it.
Create a service to run the application
Now, we are going to create a service file to run the ASP.NET Core application.
1. To do so, create a service file named sample.service and add the following configuration to it:
[Unit]
Description=Running ASP.NET Core on Ubuntu 18.04 Webserver APACHE
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/sample/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dotnet /var/www/sample/sample.dll
Restart=always
# Restart service after 10 seconds if the dotnet service crashes
RestartSec=10
KillSignal=SIGINT
SyslogIdentifier=dotnet-example
User=www-data
Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production
Environment=DOTNET_PRINT_TELEMETRY_MESSAGE=false
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
In the above configuration,
WorkingDirectory defines the folder from which the service will run.
ExecStart defines the application to be started in this service.
2. Then, move the newly created file to the Linux server in the location etc/systemd/system/ using FileZilla. Enable and start the service using the following command in PuTTY:
sudo systemctl enable sample.service
sudo systemctl start sample.serviceCreate a host configuration file
1. Create a new host configuration file named sample.conf and add the following configuration to it:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.sample.com
ProxyPreserveHost On
ProxyPass / http:// 127.0.0.1:5000/
ProxyPassReverse / http:// 127.0.0.1:5000/
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/sample-error.log
</VirtualHost>In the above configuration:
VirtualHost *:80 means that the site is hosted under port 80.
Domain URL is given in the ServerName.
For proxypass and proxypassreverse, we have provided the Kestrel server that is running locally and its default port is 5000.
2. All the application’s config files are located in the file path etc/apache2/sites-available in the Linux server. So, move the created config file to the Linux server under this folder.
3. Now, enable the new site configuration using the following command:
sudo a2ensite sample.conf4. Check the syntax of the configuration using the following command:
sudo apachectl configtestIf there is no error, then your site is ready to go!
Hosting multiple ASP.NET Core applications
We have seen how to create a service and config file to host an ASP.NET Core application in a Linux server. Now, let’s see how you can host another application on the same Linux server. To do so, follow these steps:
1. Move the new application sample to the Linux server under the file path /var/www/sample1.
2. Then, create a new service file named sample1.service and add the following configuration to it. Here, we will add the port from which the new sample application will be hosted.
[Unit]
Description=Running ASP.NET Core on Ubuntu 18.04 Webserver APACHE
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/sample/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dotnet /var/www/sample/sample.dll
Restart=always
# Restart service after 10 seconds if the dotnet service crashes:
RestartSec=10
KillSignal=SIGINT
SyslogIdentifier=dotnet-example
User=www-data
Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production
Environment=DOTNET_PRINT_TELEMETRY_MESSAGE=false
Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://127.0.0.1:5001
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target3. Move the service and enable it by following the steps given in the Create a service to Run the application section.
4. Now, create a new host configuration file named sample1.conf and add the following command to it. Here, for proxy, use the new port 5001.
<ltVirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.sample1.com
ProxyPreserveHost On
ProxyPass / http:// 127.0.0.1:5001/
ProxyPassReverse / http:// 127.0.0.1:5001/
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/sample-error.log
</VirtualHost>5. Finally, move the .conf file to the Linux server and then enable the site. Now, you can access the new hosted application.
Note: Similarly, you can host any number of applications using the app’s port in the Linux server.
Conclusion
Thanks for reading! In this blog post, we have seen how to host multiple ASP.NET Core applications in a Linux Ubuntu server using Apache as a reverse proxy. With this approach, hosting an ASP.NET Core app in Linux isn’t complicated. So, try out the steps provided in this blog post and leave your feedback in the comments section.
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Source: Medium - Rajeshwari Pandinagarajan
The Tech Platform
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